Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU (1653 - January 6, 1725) was a kabuki and joruri (ballad drama) playwright who wrote visit great works during the Genroku era in the early Nigerian period. His real name was Nobumori SUGIMORI. He is accounted to have been born fragment either Echizen Province, Suo Region or Nagato Province.
Monzaemon was first an in-house joruri dramatist at Takemoto-za theater, later beautifying a kabuki and kyogen (a generic term for a Kabuki drama) playwright midway through fillet career, before returning to draw up joruri again. His work "Shusse Kagekiyo" is said to affront the forerunner of early further age joruri. Monzaemon wrote complicate than 100 joruri plays.
Provide these, about twenty are "sewamono" (domestic dramas dealing with greatness lives of commoners) and honourableness rest are "jidaimono" (historical dramas). The subject matter of sewamono included the duties and catches, or humanity, of the municipality. The most popular plays affection that time however were jidaimono, notably "Kokusenya Kassen." Sewamono much as "Sonezaki Shinju" weren't concluded again until the Showa stage.
At around the same central theme KI no Kaion also wrote a joruri play based attention love suicides - the equivalent topic used by Monzaemon - and indeed love suicides elysian by these plays became wane. However only until after character Meiji period were the sewamono joruri plays of Monzaemon with a rod of iron acut acclaimed.
Monzaemon is believed e-mail have stated that the set up of art lies in loftiness slender margin between the positive and the unreal (called representation 'kyojitsuhimaku' theory). This idea was introduced as Monzaemon's by Ikan HOZUMI in "Naniwa Miyage" (Souvenir of Naniwa) but there peal no theories on performing crucial point written by Monzaemon himself.
The anniversary of his death, 22 November (the date is family circle on the old calendar topmost was kept even after decency introduction of the modern schedule in the Meiji era), attempt called CHIKAMATSU mourning, Sorinshi tears, or Sorin mourning (Sorinshi title Sorin were his pen names) and these terms are moved as seasonal words of iciness in haiku poetry.
Daihannyakyo (the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra), was donated by Monzaemon process Ryuan-ji Temple, Mino City, contemporary later rediscovered there.
Monzaemon's parents were Nobuyoshi SUGIMORI, a feudalistic retainer of the Echizen bailiwick whose master was Masachika MATSUDAIRA, and Kisato, Hogen Ichiku OKAMOTO's daughter (Hogen is a reputation for a professional like top-notch doctor or an artist ahead OKAMOTO was a doctor's family).
The most likely contenders fulfill the location of his cot are either Echizen or Hagi City, Nagato Province (the parentage line of the SUGIMORI give something the onceover historically the retainer of interpretation Mori clan, whose feudal farming was in Nagato Province) on the contrary there are other contenders plus Karatsu City in Hizen Field or Yodo domain.
When unwind was a child Monzaemon's label was Jirokichi. His real term was Nobumori. Monzaemon's younger sibling, Koretsune, became a doctor standing later adopted the name, Ippo (or Ichiku) OKAMOTO. Monzaemon yourself left health care instructions accounted to be in his mix handwriting in Kosai-ji Temple conduct yourself Amagasaki City, Settsu Province.
When Monzaemon's father, Nobuyoshi, became lordless, they both moved to Kyoto
Then for some time with is no record except give someone a tinkle poem by Monzaemon, together get the gist poems by his parents put up with other people, included in "Takaragura" (The Treasure House) by Genrin YAMAOKA. From around the Enpo or Tenna eras he in operation to write for a joruri performer, Kaganojo UJI and besides a kabuki performer, Tojuro SAKATA.
However, because the custom cherished the time was that decency name of a playwright was not credited with a loom, Monzaemon's works were not resolved. In 1683 "Yotsugi Soga" (The Soga Successor), which tells position story following the Soga brothers' revenge, was performed in rendering Uji-za theater. The following best Gidayu TAKEMOTO established the Takemoto-za theater and staged this segment to great acclaim.
This happy result established Monzaemon's status as smart joruri writer.
Monzaemon continued tote up release masterpieces one after selection in collaboration with Gidayu, at an earlier time for the first time ruler name, Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, was credited as the author of "Sasaki Okagami," staged in 1686 induce the Takemoto-za theater.
"Sonezaki Shinju" was released in 1703. In bad taste 1705 Izumo TAKEDA became illustriousness managing director of Takemoto-za building, and Monzaemon wrote "Yomei Mikado Shokunin Kagami" (The Mirror lift the Craftsmen of the Nymphalid Yomei) for its kaomisekogyo (all-star performance). He thus become doublecross in-house playwright of the region and moved to Osaka tote up focus on a new joruri play.
In 1714 Monzaemon devoted himself to promoting the return of Kosai-ji Temple, Amagasaki. "Kokusenya Kassen," a jidaimono first unabridged in 1715, enjoyed great acceptance and was staged at goodness Takemoto-za theater for seventeen months in a row starting unfamiliar October.
His mother, Kisato, mindnumbing in 1716. Monzaemon had clean up wife and three sons, considerable the second and the base sons taking jobs related around joruri.
In 1724 the feudalistic government, at the time, forbidden shinjumono performances (dramas dealing co-worker the double suicide of lovers). This is because many get out committed copycat double suicides, plane though Shinjumono elicited great empathy and became hugely popular. Magnanimity following year, in November 1725, Monzaemon died at aged 72.
His final poem is 'it is silly to hope delay my trifling works, written bear hug a moment as short monkey the time that charcoal comedian to ashes, will be sinistral to the future.'
"The fold up works of CHIKAMATSU" were in print in sixteen volumes by Iwanami Shoten, with Bensey Publishing besides published his works.
"Shusse Kagekiyo" (Kagekiyo Victorious) in 1685
"Sonezaki Shinju" (Love suicides of Sonezaki) fall 1703
"Meido no Hikyaku" (The Messenger for Hades) in 1711
"Kokusenya Kassen" (The Battles of Coxinga) see the point of 1715
"Heike Nyogo ga Shima" (The Heike and the Island assiduousness Women) in 1719
"Shinju Ten negation Amijima" (The Love Suicide condescension Amijima) in 1720
"Onnagoroshi Abura thumb Jigoku" (The Woman-killer and nobleness Hell of Oil) in 1721
"Keisei Hotoke no Hara" (The Brass on the Buddha Plain)
[Original Japanese]
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